Gensights 
Visa does not lend the money behind a card payment and sells almost nothing directly to consumers. It runs the network that lets banks and merchants transact on a global scale.
Data centers have become strategic infrastructure for AI. Investment, electricity, chips and grid connections now determine how much computing capacity can actually come online.
Arm does not make the billions of chips that use its technology. Yet its licensing and royalty model has put its architecture at the heart of more than 99% of smartphones.
TSMC makes the most advanced chips on the planet. Discover how this Taiwanese company became a central player in the global economy.
Samsung competes with some of the biggest technology brands while also selling them components. This apparent contradiction reveals the deeper logic of its business model.
Ferrari could sell more cars. Instead, it controls production to preserve scarcity, exclusivity and the value of its business model.
ASML does not manufacture chips. It builds the lithography systems that allow semiconductor manufacturers to print intricate patterns onto silicon wafers.
NVIDIA’s dominance in AI is not built on a single chip. Its advantage comes from an integrated infrastructure connecting GPUs, software, networking, and data centers.
Ecosystem, financial strength, user loyalty and technological control: the mechanisms that turned Apple into one of the most valuable companies in the world.
CATL does not dominate on the strength of a single battery. Its advantage lies in its ability to combine several technologies, industrialize them and produce them at a scale few companies can match.